Long-term exposure to air pollutants has been linked to a decline in lung function over time. The impact of this exposure ranges from immediate effects like cough, and burning sensation in the nose and throat to long-term effects like the development of bronchitis, COPD, and sometimes lung cancer.
New Delhi: Since last few weeks, the national capital is enveloped with dense smog, leading to low visibility in several areas. While this is a sign of poor environmental conditions, human health is also taking a big hit due to the smog. The impact of air pollution on human health has been observed to a bigger extent. As viruses are at full par this season, air pollution is an added problem that affects respiratory system and lungs.
Dr Sheetal Chaurasia, Consultant – Pulmonary Medicine, Manipal Hospital Whitefield, explained, “Long-term exposure to air pollutants has been linked to a decline in lung function over time. This can manifest as reduced lung capacity and impaired respiratory performance.”
Ways toxic air is affecting human lungs
Exposure to pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), ozone, and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur can induce inflammation in the airways and lungs. The impact of this exposure ranges from immediate effects like cough, and burning sensation in the nose and throat to long-term effects like the development of bronchitis, COPD, and sometimes lung cancer.
The expert stated that inhalation of toxic air sets up an inflammatory reaction in the airway mucosa which causes symptoms like cough, throat irritation, breathlessness, and wheezing. “If the intensity of exposure is high, it can cause spasms of airway smooth muscles leading to bronchitis. If the exposure to toxic air is persistent and long-standing as seen in some occupational exposures or residing in an area with a low air quality index or a poorly ventilated house, the persistent airway inflammation can bring about permanent changes in the airway wall architecture leading to diseases like COPD and chronic bronchitis,” she said.
Patient with comorbidities can lead to respiratory failure
In a patient with underlying comorbidities like COPD, or heart disease, the impact of such exposure is worse as it can lead to exacerbation of underlying conditions with complications like respiratory failure.
Also, a chronically inflamed airway is more prone to contract infections and the infection tends to be more prolonged and severe. Certain exposures like exposure to Radon which is found in some faulty designed buildings can lead to Lung cancers.
The expert advised wearing face masks to avoid inhalation of toxic air and use air purifiers indoors.
